Food additives and their toxicities

List of main food additives

AdditivesAdditive nameToxicity
E100 Curcumin
to moderate
E100(i) Curcumin
to moderate
E100(ii) Turmeric
to moderate
E1000 Cholic acid
No Danger Known
E1001 Choline salts and esters
No Danger Known
E1001(i) Choline acetate
unknown
E1001(ii) Choline carbonate
unknown
E1001(iii) Choline chloride
unknown
E1001(iv) Choline citrate
unknown
E1001(v) Choline tartrate
unknown
E1001(vi) Choline lactate
unknown
E101 Riboflavin
No Danger Known
E101(i) Riboflavin
unknown
E101(ii) Riboflavin-5 sodium phosphate
unknown
E101(iii) Riboflavin
unknown
E101a Vitamin B2
unknown
E102 Tartrazine
toxic
E103 Chrysoin S
unknown
E104 Quinoline Yellow
toxic
E105 Solid yellow
toxic
E106 Riboflavin-5-Sodium Phosphate
unknown
E107 Yellow 2G
dubious
E110 Orange yellow S
toxic
E1100 Amylases
No Danger Known
E1100(i) Alpha-amylase of Aspergillus oryzae var.
unknown
E1100(ii) Bacillus stearothermophilus alpha-amylase
unknown
E1100(iii) Bacillus subtilis alpha-amylase
unknown
E1100(iv) Bacillus megaterium alpha-amylase expressed as Bacillus subtilis
unknown
E1100(v) Bacillus stearothermophilus alpha-amylase expressed as Bacillus subtilis
unknown
E1100(vi) Carbohydrase of Bacillus licheniformis
unknown
E1101 Protéases
No Danger Known
E1101(i) Protease from Aspergillus orizae var.
unknown
E1101(ii) Papain
unknown
E1101(iii) Bromelain
unknown
E1101(iv) Ficine
unknown
E1102 Glucose oxidase
No Danger Known
E1103 Invertase
No Danger Known
E1104 Lipases
No Danger Known
E1105 Lysozyme
to moderate
E111 Orange GGN
toxic
E120 Carminic acid
dubious
E120(i) Carmin
dubious
E120(ii) Extract of Cochineal
dubious
E1200 Polydextrose
to moderate
E1201 Poly vinyl pyrrolidone
to moderate
E1202 Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone
to moderate
E1203 Polyvinyl alcohol
No Danger Known
E1204 Pullulane
No Danger Known
E1205 Basic methacrylate copolymer
No Danger Known
E1206 Neutral methacrylate copolymer
No Danger Known
E1207 Anionic methacrylate copolymer
No Danger Known
E1208 Copolymer of vinyl acetate and polyvinylpyrrolidone,
No Danger Known
E1209 Polyvinyl alcohol-polyethylene graft copolymer glycol
No Danger Known
E121 Citrus red n°2
toxic
E122 Azorubin
toxic
E123 Amaranth
dubious
E124 Culvert 4R
toxic
E125 SX Culvert
toxic
E126 Culvert 6R
toxic
E127 Erythrosine
to moderate
E128 Red 2G
toxic
E129 Allura Red AC
toxic
E130 Manascorubin
toxic
E131 Patented blue V
dubious
E132 Indigotine
No Danger Known
E133 Brilliant Blue FCF
to moderate
E140 Chlorophylls
to moderate
E140(i) Chlorophylls
unknown
E140(ii) Chlorophyllines
unknown
E1400 Dextrins
to moderate
E1401 Acid-treated starch
to moderate
E1402 Alkali treated starch
to moderate
E1403 Bleached starch
dubious
E1404 Oxidized starch
No Danger Known
E1405 Enzyme-treated starches
to moderate
E141 Copper complex of chlorophylls and chlorophyllines
to moderate
E141(i) Copper complex of chlorophylls
unknown
E141(ii) Copper complex of chlorophyllines
unknown
E1410 Starch phosphate
dubious
E1411 Distarch glycerol
to moderate
E1412 Distarch phosphate
dubious
E1413 Distarch phosphate
dubious
E1414 Acetylated distarch phosphate
dubious
E142 Acid green glossy BS
to moderate
E1420 Acetylated starch
No Danger Known
E1421 Acetylated starch
toxic
E1422 Acetylated Diamond Adipate
No Danger Known
E1423 Acetylated distarch glycerol
unknown
E143 Solid Green FCF
toxic
E1440 Hydroxypropyl starch
to moderate
E1441 Hydroxypropylated distarch glycerin
toxic
E1442 Hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate
dubious
E1443 Hydroxypropylated distarch glycerol
unknown
E1450 Octenyl succinate of sodium starch
No Danger Known
E1451 Acetylated oxidized starch
No Danger Known
E1452 Starch Octenyl Aluminum Octenyl Succinate
dubious
E14XX Modified starches
unknown
E150 Caramel
unknown
E1503 Castor oil
to moderate
E1504 Ethyl acetate
unknown
E1504(i) Cyclotetraglucose
unknown
E1504(ii) Cyclotetraglucose syrup
unknown
E1505 Triethyl citrate
to moderate
E150a Ordinary caramel
No Danger Known
E150b Caustic sulphite caramel
to moderate
E150c Ammoniacal caramel
toxic
E150d Ammonium sulphite caramel
toxic
E151 Black glossy BN
to moderate
E1510 Ethanol
to moderate
E1517 Diacetin
No Danger Known
E1518 Triacetin
No Danger Known
E1519 Benzyl alcohol
No Danger Known
E152 Carbon Black
dubious
E1520 Propylene glycol
No Danger Known
E1521 Polyethylene glycol
No Danger Known
E1522 Calcium lignosulfonate (40-65)
dubious
E153 Vegetable coal
to moderate
E154 Brown CF
toxic
E155 Chocolate brown HT
to moderate
E160 Carotenoids
unknown
E160a Beta-carotene
No Danger Known
E160a(i) Synthetic beta-carotene
unknown
E160a(ii) Carotenes extracted from plants
unknown
E160a(iii) Beta-carotene from Blakeslea trispora
unknown
E160a(iv) Carotenes extracted from algae
unknown
E160b Rocou
to moderate
E160b(i) Rocou extracted by solvents
unknown
E160b(ii) Alkaline extract of annatto
unknown
E160b(iii) Oily extract of annatto
unknown
E160c Paprika extract
No Danger Known
E160c(ii) Paprika extract
unknown
E160d Lycopene
No Danger Known
E160d(i) Synthetic lycopene
unknown
E160d(ii) Lycopene extracted by solvents
unknown
E160d(iii) Lycopene from Blakeslea trispora
unknown
E160e Beta-apo-8'-carotenal
to moderate
E160f Ethyl ester of -apocarotenic acid 8' -apocarotenic acid ethyl ester
to moderate
E161 Xanthophylls
unknown
E161a Flavoxanthin
No Danger Known
E161b Lutein
No Danger Known
E161b(i) Lutein de Tagetes erecta
unknown
E161b(ii) Tagetes extracts
unknown
E161b(iii) Esters of Lutein from Tagetes erecta
unknown
E161c Cryptoxanthin
to moderate
E161d Rubixanthin
No Danger Known
E161e Violaxanthin
No Danger Known
E161f Rhodoxanthin
to moderate
E161g Canthaxanthin
to moderate
E161h Zeaxanthin
to moderate
E161h(i) Zeaxanthin, synthetic
unknown
E161h(ii) Zeaxanthin rich in Tagetes erecta extract
unknown
E161i Citranaxanthin
No Danger Known
E161j Astaxanthin
unknown
E162 Beet Red
No Danger Known
E163 Anthocyanins
No Danger Known
E163(ii) Grape skin extract
unknown
E163(iii) Blackcurrant extract
unknown
E163(iv) Purple corn dye
unknown
E163(v) Red cabbage dye
unknown
E164 Gardenia Yellow
unknown
E165 Gardenia blue
unknown
E166 Sandalwood
No Danger Known
E170 Calcium carbonate
No Danger Known
E170(i) Calcium carbonate
unknown
E170(ii) Calcium hydrogen carbonate
unknown
E171 Titanium Dioxide
dubious
E172 Iron oxide
to moderate
E172(i) Ferroso-ferric oxide
unknown
E172(ii) Anhydrous ferric oxide
unknown
E172(iii) Hydrated ferric oxide
unknown
E173 Aluminium
dubious
E174 Silver
to moderate
E175 Gold
to moderate
E180 Lithol-rubin BK
to moderate
E181 Tannin
to moderate
E182 Orseille
toxic
E200 Sorbic acid
dubious
E201 Sodium sorbate
dubious
E202 Potassium sorbate
dubious
E203 Calcium sorbate
dubious
E209 Hepthyl parahydroxybenzoate
toxic
E210 Benzoic acid
toxic
E211 Sodium benzoate
toxic
E212 Potassium benzoate
toxic
E213 Calcium benzoate
toxic
E214 Ethylparaben
to moderate
E215 Ethylparaben sodium
to moderate
E216 Propylparaben
toxic
E217 Propylparaben sodium
toxic
E218 Methylparaben
to moderate
E219 Methylparaben sodium
to moderate
E220 Sulphur dioxide
to moderate
E221 Sodium sulphite
to moderate
E222 Sodium bisulfite
to moderate
E223 Sodium disulfite
to moderate
E224 Potassium disulphite
to moderate
E225 Calcium disulfite
toxic
E226 Calcium sulphite
to moderate
E227 Calcium bisulfite
to moderate
E228 Potassium bisulfite
to moderate
E230 Biphenyl
toxic
E231 Orthophenylphenol
toxic
E232 Sodium orthophenylphenate
toxic
E233 Thiabendazole
toxic
E234 Nisine
No Danger Known
E235 Natamycin
to moderate
E236 Formic acid
dubious
E237 Sodium formate
dubious
E238 Calcium formate
dubious
E239 Hexamethylene tetramine
to moderate
E240 Formaldehyde
toxic
E241 Guaiac gum
No Danger Known
E242 Dimethyl dicarbonate|DMDC
to moderate
E243 Lauric ethyl arginate
to moderate
E249 Potassium nitrite
toxic
E250 Sodium nitrite
toxic
E251 Sodium nitrate
toxic
E252 Potassium nitrate
toxic
E260 Acetic acid
No Danger Known
E261 Potassium acetate
No Danger Known
E261(i) Potassium acetate
unknown
E261(ii) Potassium diacetate
unknown
E262 Sodium acetates
No Danger Known
E262(i) Sodium acetate
unknown
E262(ii) Sodium diacetate
unknown
E263 Calcium acetate
No Danger Known
E264 Ammonium acetate
dubious
E265 Dehydrated acid
toxic
E266 Sodium Dehydroacetate
toxic
E270 Lactic Acid
No Danger Known
E280 Propionic acid
to moderate
E281 Sodium propionate
to moderate
E282 Calcium propionate
to moderate
E283 Potassium propionate
to moderate
E284 Boric acid
toxic
E285 Sodium tetraborate
toxic
E290 Carbon Dioxide
No Danger Known
E296 Malic acid (DL- or L-)
No Danger Known
E297 Fumaric acid
No Danger Known
E300 Ascorbic acid (L-)
No Danger Known
E301 Sodium ascorbate
No Danger Known
E302 Calcium ascorbate
No Danger Known
E303 Potassium ascorbate
No Danger Known
E304 Palmityl-6-L-ascorbic acid
No Danger Known
E304(i) Ascorbyl palmitate
unknown
E304(ii) Ascorbyl stearate
unknown
E305 Ascorbyl stearate
unknown
E306 Vitamin E
No Danger Known
E307 Alpha-tocopherol
No Danger Known
E307a Tocopherol, dl-?
unknown
E307b Tocopherol concentrate
unknown
E307c Tocopherol, dl-?
unknown
E308 Synthetic gamma-tocopherol
No Danger Known
E309 Delta-tocopherol synthesis
No Danger Known
E310 Propyl Gallate
to moderate
E311 Octyl Gallate
dubious
E312 Dodecyl Gallate
dubious
E313 Ethyl Gallate
unknown
E314 Guaiac resin
No Danger Known
E315 Erythorbic acid
No Danger Known
E316 Sodium erythorbate
No Danger Known
E317 Potassium iso-ascorbate
No Danger Known
E318 Calcium iso-ascorbate
No Danger Known
E319 Tertiary butylhydroquinone
dubious
E320 Butylhydroxyanisol
toxic
E321 Butylhydroxytoluene
to moderate
E322 Lecithins
to moderate
E322(i) Lecithin
unknown
E322(ii) Partially hydrolyzed lecithin
unknown
E323 Anoxomer
dubious
E324 Ethoxyquine
toxic
E325 Sodium lactate
No Danger Known
E326 Potassium lactate
No Danger Known
E327 Calcium lactate
No Danger Known
E328 Ammonium lactate
dubious
E329 Magnesium lactate (DL-)
to moderate
E330 Citric acid
to moderate
E331 Sodium citrates
to moderate
E331(i) Monosodium citrate
unknown
E331(ii) Citrate disodium
unknown
E331(iii) Trisodium citrate
unknown
E332 Potassium citrates
to moderate
E332(i) Monopotassium citrate
unknown
E332(ii) Tripotassium citrate
unknown
E333 Calcium citrates
to moderate
E333(i) Monocalcium citrate
unknown
E333(ii) Dicalcium citrate
unknown
E333(iii) Tricalcium citrate
unknown
E334 Tartaric acid
No Danger Known
E335 Sodium tartrates
No Danger Known
E335(i) Monosodium tartrate
unknown
E335(ii) Disodium tartrate
unknown
E336 Potassium tartrates
No Danger Known
E336(i) Monopotassium tartrate
unknown
E336(ii) Dipotassium tartrate
unknown
E337 Double sodium and potassium tartrate
No Danger Known
E338 Orthophosphoric acid
dubious
E339 Sodium phosphate
dubious
E339(i) Monosodium phosphate
unknown
E339(ii) Disodium phosphate
unknown
E339(iii) Trisodium phosphate
unknown
E340 Potassium phosphates
dubious
E340(i) Monopotassium phosphate
unknown
E340(ii) Dipotassium phosphate
unknown
E340(iii) Tripotassium phosphate
unknown
E341 Calcium phosphates
dubious
E341(i) Monocalcium phosphate
unknown
E341(ii) Dicalcium phosphate
unknown
E341(iii) Tricalcium phosphate
unknown
E342 Ammonium phosphates
toxic
E342(i) Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate
unknown
E342(ii) Diammonium hydrogen phosphate
unknown
E343 Magnesium phosphates
dubious
E343(i) Monomagnesium phosphate
unknown
E343(ii) Dimagnesium phosphate
unknown
E343(iii) Trimagnesium phosphate
unknown
E344 Lecithin Citrate
to moderate
E345 Magnesium citrate
to moderate
E349 Ammonium malate
dubious
E350 Sodium malate
No Danger Known
E350(i) Sodium malate
unknown
E350(ii) Sodium hydrogen malate
unknown
E351 Potassium Malate
No Danger Known
E351(i) Acid potassium malate
unknown
E351(ii) Potassium Malate
unknown
E352 Calcium malate
No Danger Known
E352(i) Acid Calcium Malate
unknown
E352(ii) Calcium malate, D,L-
unknown
E353 Metatartaric acid
to moderate
E354 Calcium tartrate
No Danger Known
E355 Adipic acid
No Danger Known
E356 Sodium adipate
No Danger Known
E357 Potassium Adipate
No Danger Known
E359 Ammonium adipate
dubious
E363 Succinic acid
No Danger Known
E364 Sodium succinates
to moderate
E364(i) Monosodium succinate
unknown
E364(ii) Disodium succinate
unknown
E365 Sodium Fumarate
No Danger Known
E366 Potassium Fumarate
No Danger Known
E367 Calcium fumarate
No Danger Known
E368 Ammonium fumarate
dubious
E370 1,4-Heptonolactone
unknown
E375 Niacin
to moderate
E380 Triammonium citrate
to moderate
E381 Ferric ammonium citrate green
dubious
E383 Calcium Glycerophosphate
dubious
E384 Isopropyl Citrates
toxic
E385 Calcium-disodium EDTA
to moderate
E386 Disodium EDTA
toxic
E387 Oxystearin
to moderate
E388 Thiodipropanoic acid|Thiodipropionic acid
to moderate
E389 Dilauryl thiodipropionate
to moderate
E390 Distearyl thiodipropionate
to moderate
E391 Phytic acid
No Danger Known
E392 Rosemary extract
No Danger Known
E399 Calcium Lactobionate
unknown
E400 Alginic acid
No Danger Known
E401 Sodium alginate
No Danger Known
E402 Potassium alginate
No Danger Known
E403 Ammonium alginate
No Danger Known
E404 Calcium alginate
No Danger Known
E405 Propylene glycol alginate
No Danger Known
E406 Agar-agar
to moderate
E407 Carrageenans
to moderate
E407a Transformed Euchema Algae
to moderate
E408 Baker's yeast glycan
No Danger Known
E409 Arabinogalactane
unknown
E410 Carob bean gum
to moderate
E411 Oat gum
No Danger Known
E412 Guar gum
to moderate
E413 Dragon Gum
to moderate
E414 Acacia gum
to moderate
E415 Xanthan gum
to moderate
E416 Karaya gum
to moderate
E417 Tara gum
to moderate
E418 Gellan gum
No Danger Known
E419 Ghatti gum
unknown
E420 Sorbitols
to moderate
E420(i) Sorbitol
unknown
E420(ii) Sorbitol syrup
unknown
E421 Mannitol
to moderate
E422 Glycerol
to moderate
E423 Octenylsuccinic acid modified gum arabic (OSA)
No Danger Known
E424 Curdlan
dubious
E425 Konjac
to moderate
E425(i) Konjac gum
unknown
E425(ii) Konjac Glucomannan
unknown
E426 Soybean hemicellulose
to moderate
E427 Cassia gum
No Danger Known
E428 Gelatin
to moderate
E429 Peptones
unknown
E430 Polyoxyethylene stearate (8)
toxic
E431 Polyoxyethylene stearate (40)
to moderate
E432 Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate
dubious
E433 Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monooleate
dubious
E434 Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate
dubious
E435 Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate
dubious
E436 Polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate
dubious
E437 Polysaccharide tamarind seeds
unknown
E440 Pectins
No Danger Known
E440(i) Pectin
unknown
E440(ii) Amidated pectin
unknown
E440a Pectin
unknown
E440b Amidated pectin
unknown
E441 Gelatin of animal origin
dubious
E442 Ammonium phosphatides
dubious
E443 Brominated vegetable oil
toxic
E444 Sucrose acetate isobutyrate
No Danger Known
E445 Glycerol esters of wood resin
to moderate
E445(iii) Glyceric ester of wood resin
unknown
E446 Succistearine
unknown
E450 Diphosphates
dubious
E450(i) Disodium diphosphate
dubious
E450(ii) Trisodium diphosphate
dubious
E450(iii) Tetrasodium diphosphate
dubious
E450(iv) Dipotassium diphosphate
dubious
E450(ix) Magnesium dihydrogen diphosphate
dubious
E450(v) Tetrapotassium diphosphate
dubious
E450(vi) Dicalcium diphosphate
dubious
E450(vii) Biacid calcium diphosphate
dubious
E450(viii) Dimagnesium diphosphate
dubious
E451 Triphosphates
dubious
E451(i) Sodium triphosphate
unknown
E451(ii) Pentapotassium triphosphate
unknown
E452 Polyphosphates
dubious
E452(i) Sodium polyphosphate
unknown
E452(ii) Potassium polyphosphate
unknown
E452(iii) Sodium-calcium polyphosphate
unknown
E452(iv) Calcium polyphosphate
unknown
E452(v) Ammonium polyphosphate
unknown
E452(vi) Sodium and potassium tripolyphosphate
unknown
E456 Potassium polyaspartate
No Danger Known
E457 Alpha-Cyclodextrin
toxic
E458 Gamma-Cyclodextrin
toxic
E459 Beta-cyclodextrin
to moderate
E460 Cellulose
No Danger Known
E460(i) Microcrystalline cellulose
unknown
E460(ii) Powdered cellulose
unknown
E461 Methylcellulose
to moderate
E462 Ethylcellulose
to moderate
E463 Hydroxypropylcellulose
to moderate
E463a Low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC)
unknown
E464 Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
to moderate
E465 Ethyl methylcellulose
to moderate
E466 Carboxy methylcellulose
dubious
E467 Ethyl-hydroxyethyl cellulose
dubious
E468 Cross-linked sodium carboxymethylcellulose
dubious
E469 Enzymatically hydrolyzed carboxymethylcellulose
dubious
E470 Fatty acid salts
dubious
E470(i) Salts of myristic, palmitic and stearic acids with ammonia, calcium, potassium and sodium
unknown
E470(ii) Oleic acid salts with calcium, potassium and sodium
unknown
E470(iii) Magnesium stearate
unknown
E470a Sodium, potassium and calcium salts of fatty acids
No Danger Known
E470b Magnesium salts of fatty acids
No Danger Known
E471 Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids
dubious
E472 Esters of dietary fatty acids
unknown
E472a Acetic esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids
dubious
E472b Diacetyl-lactic ester of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids
dubious
E472c Citric ester of mono and diglycerides of dietary fatty acids
dubious
E472d Tartaric ester of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids
dubious
E472e Monoacetyltartaric ester of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids
dubious
E472f Mixed acetic and tartaric esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids
dubious
E472g Succinyl monoglycerides
dubious
E473 Sucroester of fatty acids
dubious
E473a Sucrose oligoesters type I
dubious
E474 Sucroglycerides
dubious
E475 Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids
dubious
E476 Polyglycerol esters of castor oil fatty acids
dubious
E477 Propylene glycol esters of fatty acid
dubious
E478 Lactyl esters of fatty acids of glycerol and propane-1
toxic
E479 Soybean oil oxidized by heating in interaction with mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids
unknown
E479b Heat-oxidized soybean oil reacted with mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids
dubious
E480 Sodium docusate
dubious
E481 Sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate
dubious
E481(i) Lactylated Sodium Stearyl
unknown
E481(ii) Lactylated Sodium Oleyl
unknown
E482 Calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate
dubious
E482(i) Lactylated calcium stearyl
unknown
E482(ii) Lactylated calcium oleyl
unknown
E483 Stearyl Tartrate
to moderate
E484 Stearyl citrate
to moderate
E485 Sodium stearoylfumarate
unknown
E486 Calcium stearoylfumarate
unknown
E487 Sodium laurylsulfate
toxic
E488 Mono- and diglyceride ethoxylates
toxic
E489 Methyl glycoside ester of coconut oil
unknown
E490 Propylene glycol
unknown
E491 Sorbitan monostearate
dubious
E492 Sorbitan tristearate
dubious
E493 Sorbitan monolaurate
dubious
E494 Sorbitan monooleate
dubious
E495 Sorbitan monopalmitate
dubious
E496 Sorbitan trioleate
dubious
E499 Phytosterols rich in stigmasterol
No Danger Known
E500 Sodium carbonates
No Danger Known
E500(i) Sodium carbonate
unknown
E500(ii) Sodium hydrogen carbonate
unknown
E500(iii) Sodium Sesquicarbonate
unknown
E501 Potassium carbonates
No Danger Known
E501(i) Potassium carbonate
unknown
E501(ii) Potassium hydrogen carbonate
unknown
E502 Carbonates
unknown
E503 Ammonium carbonates
No Danger Known
E503(i) Ammonium carbonate
unknown
E503(ii) Ammonium acid carbonate
unknown
E504 Magnesium carbonates
to moderate
E504(i) Magnesium carbonate
unknown
E504(ii) Acid magnesium carbonate
unknown
E505 Iron carbonate
to moderate
E507 Hydrochloric acid
No Danger Known
E508 Potassium Chloride
No Danger Known
E509 Calcium chloride
No Danger Known
E510 Ammonium Chloride
dubious
E511 Magnesium Chloride
to moderate
E512 Stannous chloride
to moderate
E513 Sulphuric acid
No Danger Known
E514 Sodium sulfates
No Danger Known
E514(i) Sodium sulfate
unknown
E514(ii) Sodium acid sulfate
unknown
E515 Potassium sulfate
No Danger Known
E515(i) Potassium sulfate
unknown
E515(ii) Potassium acid sulfate
unknown
E516 Calcium sulfate
No Danger Known
E517 Ammonium sulphate
No Danger Known
E518 Magnesium sulfate
No Danger Known
E519 Copper sulphate
toxic
E520 Aluminum sulphate
dubious
E521 Sodium aluminum sulfate
dubious
E522 Potassium aluminum sulphate
dubious
E523 Aluminium ammonium sulphate
dubious
E524 Sodium hydroxide
No Danger Known
E525 Potassium hydroxide
No Danger Known
E526 Calcium hydroxide
No Danger Known
E527 Ammonium hydroxide
No Danger Known
E528 Magnesium hydroxide
No Danger Known
E529 Calcium oxide
No Danger Known
E530 Magnesium oxide Periclase
No Danger Known
E534 Iron tartrate
No Danger Known
E535 Sodium Ferrocyanide
No Danger Known
E536 Potassium Ferrocyanide
No Danger Known
E537 Iron Hexacyanomanganate
dubious
E538 Calcium Ferrocyanide
No Danger Known
E539 Sodium thiosulfate
toxic
E540 Acid Calcium Phosphate
dubious
E541 Sodium aluminum phosphate
dubious
E541(i) Sodium aluminum phosphate, acidic
unknown
E541(ii) Sodium aluminum phosphate, basic
unknown
E542 Edible bone phosphate
dubious
E544 Calcium polyphosphate
dubious
E545 Ammonium polyphosphate
toxic
E546 Magnesium pyrophosphate
dubious
E550 Sodium silicate
dubious
E550(i) Sodium silicate
unknown
E550(ii) Sodium metasilicate
unknown
E551 Silicon Dioxide
dubious
E552 Calcium silicate
dubious
E553 Magnesium silicate
dubious
E553(i) Magnesium silicate, synthetic
unknown
E553(ii) Magnesium trisilicate
unknown
E553(iii) Talc
unknown
E553a Synthetic magnesium silicate
dubious
E553ai Magnesium silicate
unknown
E553b Talc
dubious
E554 Sodium Aluminum Silicate
dubious
E555 Potassium Aluminum Silicate
dubious
E556 Alumino-calcium silicate
toxic
E557 Zinc silicate
dubious
E558 Bentonite
to moderate
E559 Aluminum silicate
dubious
E560 Potassium silicate
dubious
E570 Stearic acid
No Danger Known
E572 Magnesium stearate
dubious
E574 Gluconic acid
No Danger Known
E575 Glucono-delta-lactone
to moderate
E576 Sodium gluconate
No Danger Known
E577 Potassium gluconate
No Danger Known
E578 Calcium gluconate
No Danger Known
E579 Iron Gluconate
No Danger Known
E580 Magnesium gluconate
to moderate
E585 Ferrous lactate
No Danger Known
E586 4-Hexylresorcinol
to moderate
E620 Glutamic acid
dubious
E621 Sodium glutamate
dubious
E622 Potassium glutamate
dubious
E623 Calcium glutamate
dubious
E624 Ammonium glutamate
dubious
E625 Magnesium glutamate
dubious
E626 Guanylic acid
to moderate
E627 Disodium guanylate
to moderate
E628 Dipotassium guanylate
to moderate
E629 Calcium guanylate
to moderate
E630 Inosinic acid
to moderate
E631 Sodium inosinate
to moderate
E632 Potassium inosinate
to moderate
E633 Calcium inosinate
to moderate
E634 Calcium ribonucleotide
to moderate
E635 Sodium ribonucleotide
to moderate
E636 Maltol
dubious
E637 Ethyl-maltol
dubious
E638 Sodium aspartame (L-)
unknown
E639 Alanine
No Danger Known
E640 Glycines
No Danger Known
E640(i) Glycine
unknown
E640(ii) Sodiumglycinate
unknown
E641 L-leucine
No Danger Known
E642 Lysine Hydrochloride
to moderate
E650 Zinc acetate
No Danger Known
E900 Polydimethylsiloxane
No Danger Known
E900a Polydimethylsiloxane
unknown
E900b Methylphenylpolysiloxane
toxic
E901 Beeswax
No Danger Known
E902 Candelilla wax
No Danger Known
E903 Carnauba wax
No Danger Known
E904 Shellac
No Danger Known
E905 Kerosene
to moderate
E905a Food grade mineral oil
dubious
E905b Vaseline
dubious
E905c Petroleum wax
dubious
E905c(i) Microcrystalline wax
unknown
E905c(ii) Kerosene wax
unknown
E905d Mineral oil, high viscosity
dubious
E905e Mineral oil, medium viscosity (category I)
toxic
E905f Mineral oil, medium and low viscosity (category II)
toxic
E905g Mineral oil, medium and low viscosity (category III)
toxic
E906 Benzoin gum
to moderate
E907 Hydrogenated poly-1-decene
No Danger Known
E908 Rice bran wax
unknown
E909 Whale white wax
unknown
E910 Wax esters
unknown
E911 Fatty acid methyl esters
unknown
E912 Montanic acid ester
dubious
E913 Lanoline
to moderate
E914 Oxidized polyethylene wax
to moderate
E915 Rosin esters
to moderate
E916 Calcium Iodate
No Danger Known
E917 Potassium Iodate
No Danger Known
E918 Nitrogen oxides
dubious
E919 Nitrosyl chloride
toxic
E920 sodium and potassium salts
No Danger Known
E921 sodium and potassium salts
to moderate
E922 Potassium Persulfate
dubious
E923 Ammonium Persulfate
toxic
E924 Potassium Bromate
unknown
E924a Potassium Bromate
toxic
E924b Calcium bromate
toxic
E925 Chlorine
toxic
E926 Chlorine peroxide
toxic
E927 Azoformamide
unknown
E927a azodicarbonamide
dubious
E927b Carbamide
No Danger Known
E928 Benzoyl peroxide
toxic
E929 Acetone peroxide
toxic
E930 Calcium Peroxide
dubious
E938 Argon
No Danger Known
E939 Helium
No Danger Known
E940 Dichlorodifluoromethane
toxic
E941 Nitrogen
No Danger Known
E942 Nitrous oxide
No Danger Known
E943a Butane
No Danger Known
E943b Isobutane
No Danger Known
E944 Propane
No Danger Known
E945 Chloropentafluoroethane
unknown
E946 Octafluorocyclobutane
unknown
E948 Dioxygen
to moderate
E949 Dihydrogen
No Danger Known
E950 Acesulfame K
dubious
E951 Aspartame
dubious
E952 Cyclamic acid and its sodium and calcium salts
dubious
E952(i) Cyclamic acid
unknown
E952(ii) Calcium Cyclamte
unknown
E952(iii) Potassium Cyclamate
unknown
E952(iv) Sodium Cyclamate
unknown
E953 Isomalt
to moderate
E954 Saccharin and its salts
dubious
E954(i) Saccharine
unknown
E954(ii) Calcium saccharin
unknown
E954(iii) Potassium saccharin
unknown
E954(iv) Sodium saccharin
unknown
E955 Sucralose
dubious
E956 Alitame
dubious
E957 Thaumatine
to moderate
E958 Glycyrrhizic acid and salts
No Danger Known
E959 Neohesperidine dihydrochalcone
to moderate
E960 Stevia extract
to moderate
E960a Steviol glycosides from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (Stevia steviol glycosides)
unknown
E960b(i) Rebaudioside A from multiple genetic donors expressed in Yarrowia lipolytica
unknown
E961 Neotame
to moderate
E962 Aspartame-acesulfame salt
dubious
E963 Tagatose
No Danger Known
E964 Polyglycitol syrup
to moderate
E965 Maltitol
to moderate
E965(i) D-Maltitol
unknown
E965(ii) Maltitol syrup
unknown
E966 Lactitol
to moderate
E967 Xylitol
to moderate
E968 Erythritol
to moderate
E969 Advantame
to moderate
E999 Quillaia extracts
to moderate
E999(i) Quillaia extract type 1
unknown
E999(ii) Quillaia extract type 2
unknown